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OSCP – HacktheBox List

In preparation for the OSCP, these are the boxes that I went after (in this order) after my first failed exam attempt. This list is mostly based on TJ_Null’s OSCP HTB list. There’s 39 boxes in this list, but this is a great example of trying ‘harder’ and going beyond the course material.

I watched all of Ippsec’s YouTube videos on these boxes before I attempted any of them.

I’ll publish walk-throughs of all of these boxes in the coming days for you to see my methodology, where I messed up, etc.

Some of these boxes are active, so I will have to wait until they retire to publish those ones.

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OSCP – Exam Day ( -1 +1 )

Exam day -1

The day before the exam I really didn’t do much. I spent maybe an hour on the computer and that was just organizing folders on my VM, making sure I had OneNote organized (that’s what I planned to use to take notes, organize screenshots, etc.).

I printed out a visual affirmation and put it above my monitors against the wall. It said “OSCP – YOU GOT THIS!!” along with other things like “There’s a way into all of these boxes. You can find it.” and “Don’t get frustrated. It’s supposed to take time… and you have plenty of it.” I know a thing or two about psychology and affirmations do help. They serve as helpful reminders and positive support and reinforcement, especially when you’re stressed during an exam. Your mind will need an escape. Trust me on this.

That’s about all I did. I tried to study but honestly at this point, I told myself if you don’t know it by now, you won’t know it for exam day. This is about methodology and how you think more than actual tactics.

Exam day.

I woke up at 6:30 as usual, but skipped my regular coffee. I told myself that I wasn’t going to have coffee, energy drinks, or anything like that unlike last time. Last time I took this exam, I wanted to sleep but I couldn’t fall asleep because I drank too much coffee. It was a horrible feeling and I wasn’t going to let it happen again.

I cleaned up a bit around the house, ate a late breakfast (9:00 or so) and then sat down at my desk at 10:15. I just checked some emails, read some news, and then logged into the proctoring session at 10:45. They were there and already waiting. I got done with the verification in 5 minutes and then sat around until the exam package was sent, which it was promptly at 11:00 (my exam start time).

I assumed I was starting with 5 points because I planned to submit the lab report and exercises.

I powered up my automation and began to enumerate in the background while I worked on one of the 25 pointers. That one was done by 11:45 a.m. 30 Points. Awesome.

I then moved to the 10 pointer. I knew in my last attempt I was able to get this fairly quickly as well so I took a shot at it. 2.5 hours later, I got nowhere. I knew the way in but I just couldn’t figure out how to work at it. I stopped, ate lunch and took a half hour break. I was getting frustrated. When I sat back down, my eyes caught the affirmation that I had posted above my monitor. I had 30 points and it was 2:45 p.m. Still plenty of time.

I took a shot at one of the 20 pointers. After working at it for 1.5 hours, I got user. Awesome. Up to 40 points. I was back to where I was in my last exam attempt and it was 4:15 p.m. Forced myself to take another break.

At 4:30, I sat down again. I took a stab at the other 20 pointer, and after another hour I got user. 5:30 p.m. and I have 50 points. Almost there. I went back to the first 20 pointer, and looked around. I found what I had to do; within 45 minutes I had rooted it. 6:15 pm and I had 60 points. I started to feel a rush. I remember thinking to myself… You’re so close, you got this. Go figure… the visual affirmation I had says “OSCP – YOU GOT THIS!” Hmmm… Comparing it to my last performance, I remember thinking “How the f is this even happening? And so quickly?”

I went at the other 20 pointer and I looked at it. I knew the way to root, but I was just missing something. But what? I couldn’t figure it out. Okay. It’s 6:45 p.m. and you have 60 points but you haven’t even touched the monster 25 pointer. Come on.

I took a stab at it. I saw the rabbit hole and started to go down it. I couldn’t get anywhere. I took a step back and took a quick break. I remembered the basics and importance of methodology that the PWK course material and PTP (eLearnSecurity) course material had taught me. I looked at everything from a different perspective. I poked at something and I immediately had a hunch. I followed the proverbial ‘string’ I found and kept tugging at it… and what do you know… It’s 7:30 p.m. and I got user. 72.5 points. I had enough to pass. Holy $@%^

I ran downstairs and celebrated quickly with my family. Wow, what a relief. And it was only 7:30? This is crazy. This exam got the best of me last time though, and you know what? I want to see how much further I can get. This isn’t just about getting the OSCP. This is about me. I didn’t just want to barely pass. I came back upstairs, enumerated the 25 pointer and knew right away what I had to do to get root. At 8:30, I rooted the monster and had 85 points. It took the least amount of time to root the hardest machine… and it was all because my mindset completely changed. It had nothing to do with skill.

I went back to the other 20 pointer but couldn’t understand what I was missing. I looked everywhere but came up short. Then I went back to the 10 pointer. I was almost mad at myself for not being able to get this one. I used my Metasploit usage up on this box finally, but I still came up short.

I tried for a while, but promised myself I’d stop if I felt getting frustrated like I did in my last exam attempt.

At 9:30 p.m., after making sure that I had everything I needed for the report, I terminated my VPN connection. I decided to start the lab report but after working on it for about an hour, I was getting tired and fell asleep. I napped for 4 hours, which was probably the best 4 hour no-pressure nap I’ve had in a long time. I woke up, and even though I was tired, I felt great. I put in a few more hours of work and finally had some coffee. I submitted my report that morning.

A day and a half later, I received confirmation. I was now an OSCP.

eLS Penetration Testing Professional PTPv5 Course Review

If you prefer to watch the youtube video of my review with screenshots, head here: https://youtu.be/ZXDeBmOnFB0

So my first recommendation… if you just got your eJPT, don’t take too long of a “break” before you start the PTP. Especially if you found it fairly simple. If you struggled a bit through the eJPT, guess what? You’re gonna do great with the eCPPT exam. You’re already showing that you’re willing to push forward through some pretty tough stuff. This isn’t easy, so if you struggled, that just means you have the aptitude to get through the next step.

If you’re like me, and you just did the PTS course, you’ll step into the PTP courseware and think… what did I just get myself into. The amount of material that is covered here is no joke.

Not only that, each module can be several hundred slides. Some may think this is filler, but quite honestly it is eLS trying to teach you concepts instead of just teaching you to the test. You paid a lot of money so you should expect quality content. And A lot of it.

If you don’t care to understand everything and just want to pass the test, you might be in the wrong career field here. You should be naturally curious about how things work if you want to do this kind of stuff.

The first module makes the whole course seem pretty intimidating. System security is one of the hardest concepts to really master, and frontloading this will definitely make you think what did I just sign up for? The module is rough. I remember reading a bunch of slides and thinking “what did I just read?” Rest assured, the video actually does a really good job of explaining it. If you don’t understand everything about the construct of a stack or what an EIP or EBP or ESP is by reading the slides, I promise, you’ll get it after you look at the video a few times and understand what’s happening. A note to eLearnSecurity: maybe consider moving system security towards the end. That way people can ease a little more into the whole course.

A great supplement to this is TCM’s buffer overflows made easy. It will teach you a different way to approach the material. eLS does a good job of including as much content as is required to pass their certifications, but you should always try to explore other ways to solve the same problems. I said it in my exam review, but there are definitely multiple ways to achieve targets in the exam.

Be prepared to have issues with versions of certain scripts, applications, Metasploit modules, and tools. It will get frustrating at times, but you will need to work your way through it. Things change all the time in the cyber field. When stuff gets updated, it won’t work like it used to. It is expected of you to be able to troubleshoot any compatibility issues and to get the tools to work right on your own. Check the forums for help on this. But please, save us all some bandwidth and don’t use the eLS forums to complain that you weren’t spoon fed a Kali distro with pre-installed application versions that work 100%. Figuring it out yourself is a part of the learning process.

Honestly, if you’re not willing to try to fix the issue or find a workaround yourself, you might be better suited for a more standard-operating-procedure type of role like a strictly blue-team role, which is TOTALLY fine!

The forums and support are fantastic. Instructors are on there regularly to help out as best as they can. They’re very responsive and helpful.

The labs are extensive. Very extensive. Very comprehensive too. There’s a ton of cool stuff that eLS teaches you, from DLL injection to NTLM relays and a bunch of stuff in between. Their content is fantastic.

You don’t have to use hackthebox or other platforms to supplement the learning and content in order to fully understand… there’s plenty of labs there for you to be well prepared for the exam.

I will say this. In all of the labs, they advise you to try your hardest before you look at the solutions. Don’t second guess yourself if you can’t proceed without looking at the solutions. I promise you, it’s OK! I looked at ALL of the solutions for the labs. The labs have content in there that the course material didn’t cover in many cases. I’m saying this again: IT’S OK TO LOOK AT THE SOLUTIONS.

The goal is before you’re ready for the exam to be able to go through the labs and understand the steps that the solution takes, but most importantly understand WHY. Take notes on the labs if you need to separate from the course notes… I know I did.

eLS teaches you how to solve problems both with and without Metasploit. Here’s the thing, and I know I’m contradicting myself from an earlier post on my blog which I will shortly address on there, but I’ve spoken to several senior pen testers. They all use Metasploit. These are quotes from pen testers I’ve spoken with who have been doing this for years. In order to be an efficient and effective pen tester, you have to know how to use metasploit. Otherwise, you aren’t doing the client much justice because you won’t be able to actually test as much given whatever the engagement time period is. I know of one Pen Tester who actually enrolled in PTP to teach him how to use Metasploit effectively because he fell behind compared to his peers, and he already had a comparable professional level certification. If there’s a tool out there that helps you do your job, you’re not being smarter by not using it. That’s just the logic in me. This course does a great job of showing you how to use modules and plugins within Metasploit and how to integrate other tools into it.

My only gripe with the labs is that I do wish the buffer overflow lab had a little more direction to it. In order for me to feel confident enough with this, I tried replicating what the video showed and used the example that TCM put on in his youtube videos under Buffer Overflows Made Easy.

I also wish there were labs for WIFI.

I would buy the Elite package for PTP just because of the Ruby and Powershell modules. If you’re serious about pen testing, it will only help to have these tools under your belt.

I used about 40 hours of lab time, and I went through each lab at least 5 times, which I think was way more than I should have.

It also comes with 3 or 4 retakes if you need them. Even if you buy the FULL package, it comes with a free retake. This just goes to show you that eLS is all about getting its students certified without dropping their standards, instead of a lot of organizations that are clearly just in the game to make money. They also try to update their curriculum a lot sooner than many of their competitors.

The PTP teaches you to think like a pen tester in a red team engagement. You learn all the different tools and at the end you have to apply everything to a real life scenario.

So to sum it up, I would say I wish the system security module was just a little more clear and that the WiFi modules had labs. Get the elite package, and if you’re new to pen testing like I was, get the PTS as well. You’ll be happy you did. I’d advise to wait until they have a sale going on… they usually have one every couple weeks/months. If you do 2 courses or more at once, I think you get a volume discount. The courses may seem expensive, but the amount of quality and up to date content is unreal. And don’t forget, the packages usually include one or more retakes… stuff other vendors love to charge you extra for.

If you have any questions about anything with the course, or are struggling with getting stuff to work, please reach out to me… comment here, get on my LinkedIn, post on my blog… whatever. I burned through the PTP in 1.5 months, once again without an IT background. Make a calendar and set goals for every day.

I hope you all found this helpful and really consider getting the PTP. I found a lot of value in it, and eLS is regularly trying to make their courses better for the end user.

eLearnSecurity eCPPT [Certified Professional Penetration Tester] Exam Review

I’ll be putting up a review of the Penetration Testing Professional course put on by eLS soon, but that’s separate from this one. That post will have some tips on how to get through the material in the most efficient way.

If you prefer to watch the video, check out: https://youtu.be/OqzXajcXKdo

Timeline:

Day 1: Started on Valentine’s Day around 6:30 or so. Got an awesome start… got my first box, rooted it, made solid progress. Went to sleep at about 12:30 pm.

Day 2: Woke up at 6… got literally nowhere. Enumerated, enumerated, enumerated. Got really good at enumerating. Ugh. Found some stuff but really sucked at connecting some dots. Connected dots to stuff that didn’t need connecting. Went to bed at about 2 am. I think I forgot to eat a meal or two this day. This was like an 18 hour work day. I got nowhere.

Day 3: On very little sleep, since I was pretty frustrated and felt like I was falling behind. After lunch, I finally caught my second wind and rooted a few more boxes on the network. Finally, some wins. Yay morale. Got started on a little custom exploit development. Went to bed around 1 a.m.

Day 4: I was scratching my head. Could NOT figure out what I was doing wrong with getting access to the last box on the network before getting to the final objective.

Day 4 evening: I started looking up the retake policy. I was pissed and really getting down on myself.

Day 4 around zero dark whatever… I figured it out. Got access to the last box. Decided to get a couple hours of sleep.

Day 5: Ever get frustrated because you know you’re so close but you just can’t figure it out? Yeah, that was me. And I was mad.  Day 5 around 10 (I decided to sleep in a little), I figured it out. Amazing. Creative. Now all that was left was the final objective. At about 1:00 pm, I had rooted the DMZ. Wow. What a good feeling. Finally, I could breathe a little.

Exam Advice:

If this is your next step after the eJPT, be prepared. This is significantly more difficult. The objective of the eJPT is to introduce you to some pen testing concepts. This exam validates you being able to perform a full-scale penetration test at a professional level.

Keep track of what you’re doing. If it didn’t work the first time, don’t bother trying it again and again in hopes that it will magically work and some unicorn will come by to save the day. I wasted a lot of time doing this.

See if you can get off work.

Do not do a fresh Kali install. If everything has been working for you thus far, leave it as is.

Don’t do 16 hour days on the exam. I did it, and it was awful.

Plan your meals. Eat healthy. Set alarms on your phone if you must to make sure that you eat properly.

Don’t detract from stuff you do regularly. I usually try to go for a walk or go to the gym at least every day. I didn’t do that this time and it just hurt me mentally.

Get creative with how you solve some problems. Don’t overcomplicate things. There are many many different ways to get from point A to point B.

Take your time. I didn’t. I wanted to be done. This will only add to your frustration.

Try different payloads.

When you write your report, remember your audience. I’ve never written a pen test report before so it was a new experience for me, but based on the feedback I got, I did alright. Don’t get overly technical. You’re communicating issues potentially to C-level executives. You’re creating value, so your report is better received if they can understand you instead of you talking about what kind of encoding you decided to use.

Think outside the box. Remember, when you’re launching an attack, there are many different configurations. Trust your gut and try different things. You’re trying to be a certified pen tester after all. You’re expected to research new concepts and apply them. So no, all the answers aren’t in the course material, nor should they be.

Keep track of your IP! It’s not a matter of if you get kicked off, but when you have to re-establish your VPN, your IP may change… Mine changed 5 times.

How I prepped:

I prepped for it like I did the eJPT. Focused heavily on the labs and videos. Did the labs 5 times a piece and I must have read them over at least 10 times. Used about 40 hours of lab time which I consider a lot.

I took notes on everything… literally everything. Every slide, every video… everything.

How I recommend you prep:

Take the eJPT

Do everything I did, maybe only do the labs three times. Don’t overdo it like I did. You’ll get to a point where you’re gonna just stop retaining information.

Know your pivoting! Practice! Practice! Practice! One of the best things this exam does is simulate a real life pen test. It is not like other exams or hackthebox where you just need to root something and then move on to another machine, rinse and repeat. This emulates a full-on red team engagement, so get out of the “get root” mentality.

Make sure you know all the concepts, to include custom exploit development. Every little detail matters. There’s a reason that they teach certain things. It’s not frivolous learning.

Learn about basic operating systems stuff. I don’t want to get into too much detail, but this was a learning point for me. I don’t have an IT background, and I had to look up a lot of stuff.

Make a study schedule and stick to it. If you fall behind one day, make it up the next.

A couple links to some useful stuff to help reinforce what I learned:

Buffer overflow – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSnPayW6F7U&t=1s

Another Buffer overflow video – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TNecxUBD1w

Resource scripts (to make things a little easier on yourself during exam time) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HSKbE61z48

Pivoting – https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/pivoting/

Socks Proxy – https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/proxytunnels/

Reporting – https://github.com/hmaverickadams/TCM-Security-Sample-Pentest-Report

Remember, if you want it bad enough, you can do it. Focus on getting to the objective but remember, you should treat the exam like a real life red team engagement.